Monday, October 9, 2023

THE ORIGINAL JUSTICE LEAGUE OF AMERICA MEMBERSHIP TOUR

The Justice League of America debuted in 1960.  The original team's adventures would continue to be published, uninterrupted, through 1987.  Members would come and members would go.  This tour will examine every single modification to the line-up throughout the team's original 27 year run.




The original Justice League of America started their adventures in The Brave and the Bold #28, dated March 1960.  The original lineup would include Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Martian Manhunter, Aquaman, Green Lantern, and Flash.  (There was also an annoying younger "honorary" member named Snapper Carr... a hipster whom this tour will be ignoring!)  In the League's premier outing, they battled Starro the Conqueror!  In this story, the team is established as having previously been formed and they already had a groovy headquarters which is located in a cavern built into a mountain.  It features lots of computer equipment, floating stairs and lots of books!  

The League would appear again in the next two issues of The Brave and the Bold.  Following this three-issue tryout, the team would be awarded their own title just three months later.  Justice League of America #1 would debut with a cover date of October 1960.  This title would continue publication through issue #261, dated April 1987.  This tour will take a look at all the membership changes that would occur during the team's original 27-year publication.

While the Justice League would be given its own title in 1960, it wouldn't be until Justice League of America #9, (February 1962) that it would be given an origin story!   When choosing their name, a nod is given to DC's original Golden Age superhero team of the 1940s, the Justice "Society" of America.     
                         
                                 Justice League of America #9 / Writer: Gardner Fox / Artist: Mike Sekowski
                                   MEMBER COUNT: 7


The League would add its first new member prior to that origin being told!  In Justice League of America #4, the members would welcome their first new teammate... Green Arrow.  Green Arrow was one of the few characters whose adventures continued being published throughout the transition from DC's Golden Age to its Silver Age (The other characters who accomplished this were Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman, and Aquaman).  While many considered him to be not much more than a Batman-"lite", nonetheless he was the first hero to be added to the team's roster.


 Justice League of America #4  (May 1961) / Writer: Gardner Fox / Artist: Mike Sekowski
                      MEMBER COUNT: 8

  
It wouldn't be long before yet another new Silver Age hero would find his way onto the team.  A little over a year after the Emerald Archer was inducted, it would soon be the Atom's turn.  The Atom had been given his own ongoing title by DC (his first issue was cover-dated July 1962).  What better way to heighten his popularity than by giving him a spot on DC's mightiest team!  


 Justice League of America #14 (Sept. 1962) / Writer: Gardner Fox / Artist: Mike Sekowski
   MEMBER COUNT: 9


A common gripe among longtime readers was that the Atom was given a special miniature chair to sit on during team gatherings (when he wasn't shown sitting on someone's shoulder!).  Apparently, he was unable to be in the presence of other members without always being just 6 inches tall! 


Just slightly over two years following Atom's admission to the team, the lineup would expand yet again. The League would add more alien beings to its all-American team!  Another Silver Age update of Golden Age DC characters had proven to be a sales success.  So now it was a newly imagined Hawkman and Hawkgirl who would prove popular enough to be added to the mighty Justice League.  Oh wait, sorry, let's not forget that this was still the 1960s.  It would be quite some time before Hawkgirl would be deemed even remotely worthy of consideration.  For the time being, only Hawkman would be extended a membership.  Originally it was said that the team could only admit one new member per year.  Later it would be claimed that the team had a "no duplicate powers" clause.  Sigh!


 Justice League of America #31 (Nov. 1964) / Writer: Gardner Fox / Artist: Mike Sekowski
  MEMBER COUNT: 10


In 1966, the team extended an invitation for membership and was rejected (It wouldn't be the only time this would happen)!  Believing that Metamorpho would be a great compliment to their group, the members of the team set out to find him and let him know they would like him to join them in their heroic adventures!  To their surprise, Metamorpho let them know in no uncertain terms that he wanted nothing to do with their little club!

 Justice League of America #42 (Feb. 1966)  / Writer: Gardner Fox / Artist: Mike Sekowsky
  MEMBER COUNT: Still 10


It would be three years following Metamorpho's brush-off before the lineup of the team would alter again.  This time it wouldn't be the addition of a new member, but the resignation of one of the team's founders.  

Over in the pages of her ongoing title, Wonder Woman fell victim to a complete loss of her superpowers thanks to writer Denny O'Neil setting out to shake things up.  As the new writer assigned to her adventures, O'Neil sent the Amazons away to another dimension and stripped Princess Diana of all her powers.  For many longtime readers, this period in Wonder Woman's history is referred to as her "mod era".  Diana ran a hip clothing boutique and learned martial arts from a blind Asian man named I Ching.  She became a sort of print version of the popular television character of that time... Emma Peel (from the series, The Avengers).  With no powers, Wonder Woman deemed herself unworthy of membership in the Justice League and decided to resign.  Non-powered members Batman and Green Arrow didn't weigh in with any objections 😒.

  Justice League of America #69 (Feb. 1969) / Writer: Denny O'Neil / Artist: Dick Dillin
    MEMBER COUNT: 9

 
Two issues after Wonder Woman's resignation, yet another founding member of the team would resign.  J'onn J'onzz, the Martian Manhunter, decides to go into space to seek out other surviving Martians.  Batman, who apparently deems himself the entitled representative for all Earthlings, reassures J'onn that he will always have a home on Earth. 

  
  Justice League of America #71 (May 1969)  / Writer:  Denny O'Neil / Artist:  Dick Dillin
    MEMBER COUNT: 8



With Wonder Woman gone, the League needed some feminine representation.  Not satisfied with any Earth-One heroines, the writers decided upon Black Canary.  Black Canary was a member of the Justice Society of America and resided on Earth-Two.  She had worked with the Justice League in the past when they would have their annual cross-over events.  When her husband, Larry Lance, is killed, poor Black Canary simply can't go through the normal steps of grieving.  Nope, instead she decides to simply abandon her home world, all her friends, and all her family, and move to Earth-One.  She seems to have absolutely no issues or obstacles establishing her existence on this different Earth!  Even more amazing, despite having been a member of the Justice Society back in their early years, she was somehow now as young as the members of the Justice League!   And in a bit of irony, Black Canary had no superpowers... the very condition that had convinced Wonder Woman she needed to resign!  This would quickly change, however, when Canary discovered that moving from one Earth to another had somehow granted her a superpower (as so often happens when one emigrates from one Earth to another!).  It was a sonic scream that she would call her "canary cry")
 Justice League of America #75 (Nov. 1969) / Writer: Denny O'Neil / Artist: Dick Dillin
 MEMBER COUNT: 9

                                                            
The League would move into its satellite headquarters in 1970, and DC would begin to transition from its Silver Age into its Bronze Age.

Three years following the induction of Black Canary, the League votes to add yet another member... the Phantom Stranger.  The Stranger calls upon the League and assists them in battling Felix Faust.  At the conclusion of the story, the League votes to admit the Phantom Stranger into the Justice League.  The Stranger, however, has already departed in his usual mysterious manner. 

The Stranger would be included in the splash page roll call as a member of the team whenever he popped up, but his adventures as a member were extremely limited.  In fact, he would only participate in eleven issues over the course of 12 years.  He has the honor of being the least utilized member of the team during its full run.

Justice League of America #103 (Dec. 1972) / Writer: Len Wein / Artist: Dick Dillin
         MEMBER COUNT: 10


The next alteration to the League's membership would be the addition of Elongated Man.  Ralph had assisted the JLA on two occasions prior to being admitted.  Much like how Atom was always portrayed as being 6 inches tall, Elongated Man was always shown with his limbs or neck highly stretched out.

  Justice League of America #105 (May 1973) / Writer: Len Wein / Artist: Dick Dillin
    MEMBER COUNT: 11


The membership was increasing at a rapid pace.  In the issue following Elongated Man's induction, the Red Tornado was also added to the Justice League roster. He was unknowingly a pawn of the villain T.O. Morrow, but he was able to overcome Morrow's scheme and earn the trust of the Justice League.

Like Black Canary, he was originally from Earth-Two.  Like Black Canary, he seemed to have no problem with creating a secret identity and citizenship!  Unlike Black Canary, he did not mysteriously gain a superpower simply from moving from one Earth to another... but then, Red Tornado was an android so maybe that's why.  Sure, we'll go with that! 

Justice League of America #106 (Aug 1983) / Writer: Len Wein / Artist: Dick Dillin
 MEMBER COUNT: 12

 Remember when Hawkgirl was told she wasn't able to join the League because its rules only allowed one new member per year?  Well, over the course of 9 months, the League had just added 3 new members (Phantom Stranger, Elongated Man, and Red Tornado)!  I'd like to think that this travesty of injustice towards Hawkgirl was the reason behind the team's next membership change.  But, alas, that's not the case!

In 1974, Hawkman resigned from the Justice League of America.  He and his wife decide to return to their home planet, Thanagar. 
Justice League of America #109 (Feb. 1974) / Writer: Len Wein / Artist: Dick Dillin
  MEMBER COUNT: 11



If you were a fan of Hawkman, your disappointment in his departure would be short-lived.  He would be reinstated the following year.  If you were a fan of Hawkgirl, you could remain disappointed, since once again she was not admitted to the team with her husband.

  Justice League of America #117 (April 1975) / Writer: Elliot S. Maggin / Artist: Dick Dillin
  MEMBER COUNT: 12


Back in 1968, Wonder Woman lost her powers and because of that, she resigned her membership in the Justice League.  In 1973, she regained her powers but discovered that her memories had been manipulated by her mother.  Because of this, she was trepidatious about returning to the League.  She asked that all the current members observe her on at least one adventure each, to ensure that she was mentally stable enough to be trusted.  These observations take place in the pages of Wonder Woman between issues #212 (July 1974) and #222 (March 1976).  Following her successful completion of 12 labors, she is officially readmitted to the team.  For the first time in the League's sixteen-year-to-date existence, it had more than one female member.
  Wonder Woman #222 (March 1976) / Writer: Martin Pasko / Artist: Jose Delbo 
   MEMBER COUNT: 13

 
One month following Wonder Woman's return, the Red Tornado (disguised as Hawkman) sacrifices himself in order to save Midway City.  For some odd reason, he decided he needed his Tornado cape with him while disguised as Hawkman!

  Justice League of America #129 (April 1976) / Writer: Martin Pasko / Artist: Dick Dillin
   MEMBER COUNT: 12


Seventeen months after Red Tornado's demise he would be reconstructed and be readmitted into the Justice League.  He would not be the only hero admitted.  Prior rules regarding how often a member could be admitted and duplicated power clauses were abandoned.  Joining the JLA along with Red Tornado was Hawkgirl.  Her membership was long overdue.
Justice League of America #146 (Sept. 1977) / Writer: Steve Englehart / Artist: Dick Dillin
 MEMBER COUNT: 14


In 1978, the League would admit another new member.  This new member would be based on a reader poll.  The winner of the poll, by over double the amount of total votes, was Zatanna with a vote count of 450.  Her closest competitors were Captain Comet (225 votes),  Black Lightning (188 votes), Supergirl (181 votes), and Metamorpho (176 votes).  Zatanna seemed an interesting choice given that at the time, she hadn't had an adventure printed anywhere in over 4 years.

 Justice League of America #161 (Dec. 1978) / Writer: Gerry Conway / Artist: Dick Dillin
 MEMBER COUNT: 15


A year following Zatanna's induction into the Justice League, a membership invitation was extended to another hero.  However, upon receiving the invitation, Black Lightning made it clear that he didn't want to be on a team.  Ironically, Black Lightning and Metamorpho (who turned down membership over a decade prior) would both soon join a new team of heroes called The Outsiders!


 Justice League of America #173 (Dec. 1979) / Writer: Gerry Conway / Artist: Dick Dillin
 MEMBER COUNT: Still 15


A new decade would bring another new member to the team when Firestorm joined the League in 1980.  This would bring the total membership to a count of 16, highest number of members that the Justice League of America would have during its first volume/iteration.

  Justice League of America #179 (June 1980) / Writer: Gerry Conway / Artist: Dick Dillin
    MEMBER COUNT: 16


Two months following Firestorm's arrival, Green Arrow decides that he needs a break from the Justice League, so he resigns his membership.
 Justice League of America #181 (Aug. 1980) / Writer: Gerry Conway / Artist: Dick Dillin
  MEMBER COUNT: 15

Green Arrow's departure didn't last long.  Nineteen issues after quitting the team, he was welcomed back to full membership.  Honestly, he wasn't really missed that much since he was dating Black Canary, who was still an active member of the team, and he had appeared in 6 issues during his 19-issue absence!
 Justice League of America #200 (March 1982) / Writer: Gerry Conway / Artist: George Perez
 MEMBER COUNT: 16
  
  
                
In 1983 the group would lose another of its founding members.  Batman wants the League to help him rescue Wayne Foundation employee, Lucius Fox, who has been kidnapped in the country of Markovia.  The Justice League agrees that such an attack in a foreign country could cause diplomatic problems.  When they decline to help Batman, he resigns.  He will immediately form a new group of heroes called the Outsiders.

    Batman and the Outsiders #1 (Aug. 1983) / Writer: Mike W. Brar / Artist: Jim Aparo
    MEMBER COUNT: 15


Membership to the League was extended to Sandman (the Garrett Sanford version) in 1983 following a team-up he shared with the team.  He declines the invitation.

                                            Justice League of America  Annual #1 (Aug. 1983) / Writers: Paul Levitz and Len Wein / Artist: Rick Hoberg
                                                         MEMBER COUNT: Still 15



In 1983, the Flash was put on trial for murder.  It was a storyline that dragged on for two years in his eponymous title.  As a result of the murder (he killed Reverse-Flash as he attempted to murder Flash's fiancée), Flash's continued membership in the League was voted upon.  While the final vote allowed Flash to continue on as a member of the JLA, he opted to take a leave of absence. 

                    
  The Flash (vol. 1) #327 (Nov. 1983)  Writer: Cary Bates / Artist: Carmine Infantino
   MEMBER COUNT: 14                                          
                                                                          

Beginning around the same time period, the Atom discovered that his wife was having an affair, so he decided to delve into his work.  He took a trip to the Amazon jungle and events led to him being trapped there in his 6-inch form.  His size and weight control equipment are broken and he finds his way to a tribe of tiny individuals.  To the rest of the world, Ray Palmer is missing and presumed to have died.
  Sword of the Atom #1 (Sept. 1983)  Writer: Jan Strnad / Artist: Gil Kane
MEMBER COUNT: 13      

 
The next alterations to the League's membership are sweeping, and they all happen in a single issue, Justice League of America Annual #2, published in 1984.  In order to properly convey the dramatic changes that occur, I'll be breaking things out into 3 segments.  

Three longtime members were already gone.  Batman resigned in a huff, Atom was lost in South America, and the Flash was on a leave of absence from the team.  Following a battle against evil Martians, the JLA's satellite headquarters was destroyed.  Reevaluating the team's purpose, Aquaman officially disbands the current League.  He claims authorization to do this because he is a founding member.  He states that a new Justice League needs to be formed, one where the members consider the team their primary focus.  This eliminates Superman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern (Hal Jordan resigned from being a Green Lantern altogether in his own title the same month as this story), Hawkman, Hawkwoman, Black Canary, Green Arrow, Phantom Stranger, Red Tornado, and Firestorm. 
 Justice League of America Annual #2 (October 1984)  Writer: Gerry Conway / Artist: Chuck Patton
  MEMBER COUNT: 3 


The three heroes willing to make the League their primary focus are then joined by one of the team's founding members, the Martian Manhunter.  Following the war against the evil Martians, he returned to living on Earth.  Now four in number, this will be the core of the new Justice League that Aquaman sets out to create.
 
Justice League of America Annual #2 (October 1984)  Writer: Gerry Conway / Artist: Chuck Patton
MEMBER COUNT: 4



Before the issue concludes, the team gains three more new members.  Many will say that this dramatic membership modification was done for two primary reasons.  One reason was to remove characters who appeared in other titles so that the writers of Justice League of America could have more freedom with what they could do with the members of the team.  Another reason was to introduce some diversity and youth into the group.  The Teen Titans were one of the most successful titles DC had at the time, so this was an attempt to have a JLA that might replicate that success.  Sadly, that replication of success didn't happen.  This iteration of the team would be referred to by many fans as Justice League Detroit since that is where their new headquarters would be located... and response was tepid.

The three new members added immediately to the team were Vixen, Steel, and Vibe.  Vixen was a heroine who had been created in 1978.  She was intended to have her own ongoing series, but she and her title were one of many victims of the "DC Implosion".  She would eventually make a one-time guest appearance in Action Comics in 1981.  Steel was a new character, with a legacy tied to an older hero, Commander Steel.  The final new member was Vibe, a Puerto Rican-American who suffered from writer stereotyping.

 Justice League of America Annual #2 (October 1984)  Writer: Gerry Conway / Artist: Chuck Patton
 MEMBER COUNT: 7


One additional new character was introduced, but she wouldn't officially be added to the team until a few issues into the new group's run.  Gypsy was an interesting character, but come on people... a barefoot superheroine?!   Seriously?  As much as I liked her, I could never get passed the barefoot nonsense.  It was sillier than Supergirl's  1980's headband.

  Justice League of America #236 (March 1985)  Writer: Gerry Conway / Artist: Chuck Patton
  MEMBER COUNT: 8


Just one month after dissolving the Justice League, guess who up and decides he can't give the team the attention it deserves.  The attention he demanded of others.  Yup, that's right... Aquaman.  This is such a super dick move.
 Justice League of America #243 (Oct. 1985)  Writer: Gerry Conway / Artist: George Tuska
MEMBER COUNT: 7



With sales waning, the creative team behind this Detroit incarnation decided to abandon the "League being a hero's primary concern" and add Batman back into the group.  I'm sure the hope was that having Batman on the cover and inside the story might get sales to tick up.  Making his return even stranger is the fact that he appears in five issues that follow his readmittance to the team, and then he's never seen or heard from again for the rest of the series' run. 
Justice League of America #250 (Oct. 1986)  Writer: Gerry Conway / Artist: Luke McDonnell
MEMBER COUNT: 8



Soon the rudders are completely gone on this title.  The writing was on the wall that an upcoming mini-series entitled Legends would be heralding a new Justice League title.   This volume of the Justice League of America, a once top-selling title, was now taking its last gasps of breath.  Remember the three members who stuck around to devote themselves to the team?  Aquaman, well he quit.  Zatanna would abruptly follow suit.

   Justice League of America #257 (Dec. 1986)  Writer: J.M. DeMatteis / Artist: Luke McDonnell
  MEMBER COUNT: 7


So as a refresh, we had 3 heroes from the previous incarnation of the team who agreed to make the Justice League their primary focus, devoting themselves to it full-time.  One was Aquaman, but he soon quit.  Another was Zatanna, but she quit.  The third was Elongated Man.  Guess what?  Seriously, it's not a difficult question... give it a go!  If you said, "He quits?"... you would be correct!   And not only does he quit, but in the same issue, Vibe is murdered.  Two more Leaguers gone.

  Justice League of America #258 (Jan. 1987)  Writer: J.M. DeMatteis / Artist: Luke McDonnell
  MEMBER COUNT: 5



One month later, Gypsy is removed from the team.  (Fortunately, this character would find better costumes and be better utilized in future iterations of the Justice League and also in Birds of Prey)
Justice League of America #259 (Feb. 1987)  Writer: J.M. DeMatteis / Artist: Luke McDonnell
MEMBER COUNT: 4


One month later, Steel is murdered.  At this point, reading this title is just painful.
  Justice League of America #260 (March 1987)  Writer: J.M. DeMatteis / Artist: Luke McDonnell
  MEMBER COUNT: 3


It's the final issue of Justice League of America, volume 1.  The series had a 27-year publication, with a total of 261 issues.  In the final issue, Vixen resigns from the team.  Martian Manhunter closes up shop.  Hopefully, someone let Batman know since technically he was still a member.
 Justice League of America #261 (April 1987)  Writer: J.M. DeMatteis / Artist: Luke McDonnell
MEMBER COUNT: 1

It was a sad way for the team to go out, but fortunately for readers of DC Comics, many, many iterations of the team would be published in the years that followed this run. 


The Justice League of America and all related characters, names, and elements and the distinctive likenesses thereof are trademarks of DC Comics, Inc.

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